A self-test (or Rapid Diagnostic Orientation Test = TROD) allows for the detection of HIV, Hepatitis C, or Syphilis. It is performed by taking a drop of blood from the fingertip. Mixed with a reagent, this produces a result within a few minutes.
To be interpreted correctly, TRODs must be carried out at least 12 weeks after the risk situation. Testing earlier may lead to a false negative result. TRODs help to guide diagnosis but must always be confirmed by more accurate laboratory tests.

A laboratory screening test is performed using a blood or urine sample. These are based on more reliable analytical methods than TRODs.
Samples are analyzed in a laboratory and results are usually available within the same day.
To ensure correct interpretation, serological tests (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis) must be done at least 6 weeks after a risk situation. Urine tests can be performed 5 days after exposure.